... the background of Bastion IV, at the foot of a large earthen retrenchment. It is the third retrenchment in Zamość;
the remaining two are huge masonry cavaliers with casemates and are located in the gorges of Bastions VI and VII. The retrenchment you are standing by was completed at the time of the November Uprising in 1830-31. It is the most literal and tangible monument to the only Polish national uprising in the 19th century which actually could have ended successfully and which got a lot of publicity abroad.